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PHOTOGRAPHY By Niklas Agarwal

Photography **:**  Is the art and science of capturing images and moments of life by capturing light using ei ther image sensor  or a lig ht-sensitive material such as photographic film. The word photography comes from the Greek words phōtos and graphé. Meaning light and drawing, together meaning drawing with light. **Uses:** -To capture life momnets  -To remeber  -To sell a product  -To convey information  -To express emotions

**Industries:**
-Fashion -Marketing -Medical -Teaching <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Publication

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">**Genres:**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Some types of photography can include, but are not limited to: Portraits, Abstract, Architectural, Conceptual, <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #252525; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Still life, Photojournalism, and Macros.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"> **Skills** **:**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Knowing the parts of your camera. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Modifying pictures using various elements (Shutter speed, contrast, dogding, burning in etc.) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">-Printing (Paper texture, paper type, and paper size) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- Elements of Design <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- Patience <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">- Ability to concentrate under any environment

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">**5 Awesome Photos:**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What makes this picture stand out to me is the theme of plants. I like that the building is covered in greenery and is in a forests with a green mountain in the background. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I like that the photographer use a high point to capture this image because it gives a giver view of the scope of the scenery. It also follows the rule of thirds which makes it pleasent to the eyes.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What makes this picture stand out to me is the contrast in the scenery. The industrial human structure being covered in nature. It shows how nature reclaims everything. I like how the photographer chose to capture this image from a side high angle. I also like the proportion. The photographer uses the tall Ferris wheel with the low meadow in the foreground. As with the other image the main elements of design in this picture in colour. The green of the grass, vines and trees just stands out so much. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This picture includes a very inspiring quote from one of my favourite books, but that is not what makes this a great photo. The lighting is key in this photo. The photographer chose a dark night setting that contrasts the sparks from the wand very nicely. What is very cool about this photo is that you only see the hands of the people. It gives the image some mystery. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I really like the image because its of the Beatles. The Beatles changed the musical world and I really like them, but this is not what makes it a amazing photo. I really like where the image was taken. By taking the photo in this higher up location the photographer gives the impression that we are about to join the chase. Something else that makes this photo great is the motion blur. Like I said above this motion blur make you feel that you are in the middle of the action. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I really like the contrast in this picture. The bright red and green stand out again the gray clouds. The photographer has a distinct focal point in this photo. By making a part of the clouds brighter than the others when you look at it your eyes are immediately drawn to that section of the photo. By using a high angle shot from a low location the photographer makes the poppies seem bigger then they are in real life.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">**The Do’s**

 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Do something old in a new way
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Do something new in an old way
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Do something new in a new way
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Do it in the computer
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Repeat everything
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Try different levels
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Edit
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Edit again
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Break all traditional rules

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">**T<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">he Don’ts **

 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Don’t do it about yourself — or your friend — or your family
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Move when capturing the image
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Flash when lighting is enough
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Use same background with foreground
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Zoom when not needed
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rush a good photo

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">**Principles of Design:**
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Unity/Harmony **
 * The principle of combining several elements to make their similarities stand out.
 * [[image:design_harmony150.jpg]]

>>
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">**Balance**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The principle of similarity throughout a piece.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[[image:design_balance150.jpg]]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">**Contrast**
 * The principle of a focal point in the piece, standing out from different areas by contrast of colour, shape, size, etc
 * [[image:design_contrast150.jpg]]
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Repetition **
 * The repetition of shapes, objects, colour etc.
 * [[image:design_repetition150.jpg]]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">**Variety**
 * Combining elements to create a complicated image.
 * [[image:flower1.jpg width="119" height="95"]]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">**Size+Proportion**
 * The size of objects in relation to other objects.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">**Camera Angles:**

===<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">The Bird's-Eye View: ===

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This shows a scene from directly overhead, a very unnatural and strange angle. Familiar objects viewed from this angle might seem totally unrecognisable at first (umbrellas in a crowd, dancers' legs). This shot does, however, put the audience in a godlike position, looking down on the action. People can be made to look insignificant, ant-like, part of a wider scheme of things.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">High Angle:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Not so extreme as a bird's eye view. The camera is elevated above the action using a crane to give a general overview. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and less significant (or scary). The object or character often gets swallowed up by their setting - they become part of a wider picture.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Eye Level:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A fairly neutral shot; the camera is positioned as though it is a human actually observing a scene, so that eg actors' heads are on a level with the focus. The camera will be placed approximately five to six feet from the ground.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Low Angle:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">These increase height and give a sense of speeded motion. Low angles help give a sense of confusion to a viewer, of powerlessness within the action of a scene. The background of a low angle shot will tend to be just sky or ceiling, the lack of detail about the setting adding to the disorientation of the viewer. The added height of the object may make it inspire fear and insecurity in the viewer, who is psychologically dominated by the figure on the screen.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Oblique/Canted Angle:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sometimes the camera is tilted (i.e is not placed horizontal to floor level), to suggest imbalance, transition and instability (very popular in horror movies). This technique is used to suggest POINT-OF-View shots. A hand held camera is often used for this. Also referred to as a Dutch angle.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">** EWS (Extreme Wide Shot) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The view is so far from the subject that he isn't even visible. Often used as an establishing shot.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** VWS (Very Wide Shot) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The subject is visible (barely), but the emphasis is still on placing him in his environment.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** WS (Wide Shot) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The subject takes up the full frame, or at least as much as comfortably possible. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//AKA:// long shot, full shot.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** MS (Mid Shot) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Shows some part of the subject in more detail while still giving an impression of the whole subject.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** MCU (Medium Close Up) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Half way between a MS and a CU.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** CU (Close Up) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A certain feature or part of the subject takes up the whole frame.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** ECU (Extreme Close Up) **
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Front Lighting
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">
 * Front lighting is accomplished by lighting the subject directly from the front or, in the case of outdoors photography, by taking the picture with the sun to your back. This form of lighting is good for accentuating details in your photograph, but has the often-undesirable effect of giving your subjects a flat and uninteresting look.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Side Lighting
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">
 * Side lighting is a useful alternative to front lighting. Lighting your subject from an angle will create shadows, resulting in more intriguing and artistic-looking photographs. Shadows provide the eye with additional information, creating the illusion of depth. Varying the angle at which the light shines will produce different results, and a little experimentation may produce new and interesting effects.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Back Lighting
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">
 * Back lighting is often used to create a silhouette effect by placing a light source behind the subject. It is also effective when taking pictures of people who are standing in direct sunlight or otherwise harsh light. People will often squint when facing a bright light, and this is easily remedied by turning them away from the light. Reflected light or a fill flash will help in reducing shadows caused by back lighting, where desired.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Three-point Lighting
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">
 * Three-point lighting is a combination of front, side and back lighting. The front, or key, light is the primary means of illuminating the subject (in outdoor photography, the sun is generally used as the key light). The side, or fill, light is used to generate shadows, and you can vary this light's angle and strength for different stylistic effects. The back light is used to help make the subject stand out from the background of the photograph.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: baseline;">Diffuse Lighting
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">include component="comments" page="Testpage - Niklas Agarwal" limit="20" include component="tagCloud" include component="editors" days="30" imageSize="small" showUsername="true"
 * Diffuse lighting results in a softer light that can generate dramatic effects and often preserves details that would be lost in bright sunlight or under harsh artificial lights. This type of lighting occurs naturally during the early morning and late afternoon hours, and is prevalent on cloudy days. You can generate your own diffuse lighting effects by placing a softbox in front of your light source or through the use of a reflective umbrella.